Nursing Diagnosis Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women and Older Men

Question: Explain about the Nursing Diagnosis for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men in the UK? Answer: Case study Christina Diaz What is the priority nursing diagnosis at this time? By studying the above symptoms it can be diagnosed as pregnancy, secondary amenorrhea, high insulin level, low thyroid hormones or it can be due to increase in androgens and formation of cysts in the ovary. What is the expected outcome associated with this diagnosis? A thorough physical examination will better help understand the underlying mechanism behind these symptoms. Pregnancy tests are confirmed by positive results. Ultrasound and pelvic examination are recommended to find any defect in abdomen and uterus. Further tests include computed tomography and laparoscopies are recommended if the physician suspect tumours. Describe the teaching/learning needs related to the scenario that correspond to the priority nursing diagnosis. Pregnancy requires good communication with the patient regarding pros and cons of the situation and as to how to cope up with delivery pains, recovery and early period of childbirth (Doenges et al., 2014). Patients should be educated about proposed complications if any and specific new care plan. Hormonal problems due to anxiety and depression can simply be solved by patient counselling and the good diet (Ralph et al., 2013). List nursing interventions with rationales that correspond to the priority nursing diagnoses. Stretch marks on the abdomen are commonly visible during pregnancy (Green, 2015).. The increase in progesterone levels prevents menstruation as this hormone does not allow the uterine lining to shed. Secondary amenorrhea occurs when a girl has started her menstrual cycle but often experiences delayed or missed periods due to increase or decrease in hormonal levels with the defect in pituitary glands. Therefore, hormonal medication and Estrogen Replacement Theraphy helps to restart the menstrual cycle in patient (Doenges et al., 2014). An overweight woman develops stretch marks on breasts and abdomen due to excess fat deposition or sometimes it can be caused by hormonal imbalance (Ralph et al., 2013). Encouraging physical activity is helpful for obese patient but there is no appropriate treatment for scars. Case study Meika Jeffries What is the priority nursing diagnosis at this time? With respect to the above symptoms, it can be diagnosed as obesity, osteoporosis and dysfunctioning of intervertebral disks. Osteoporesis is often accompanied by lactose intolerance. Sedentary lifestyle often leads to these problems in aged adults. Many cases have been studied that shows decrease in height with ageing along with osteoporosis and reduction in the fluid between vertebrae (Ralph et al., 2013). What is the expected outcome associated with this diagnosis? Physical examinations in these patients measure bone mineral density, computed tomography to detect changes in spine and hip. According to World Health Organisation brain mineral deposition greater than 2.5 is the strong evidence of osteoporosis (Nachtigall et al., 2013). Describe the teaching/learning needs related to the scenario that correspond to the priority nursing diagnosis. Continuous awareness and counselling session should be provided for this patient. Physicians and nurses should actively participate in effective interaction with patients and relatives and help overcome anxiety and depression (Nachtigall et al., 2013). A special routine that includes meditation, intermittent fasting, exercises and calorie restriction should be designed for this woman. Several studies showed that healthy fasting reduces excess fat and increase cellular lifespan and healthy ageing (Ralph et al., 2013). List nursing interventions with rationales that correspond to the priority nursing diagnoses. Calcium deficiency greatly results in brittle bone and also decreases in stature in the patient. Patient should regularly intake calcium and vitamin D supplements. Lack of physical stress and intake of high-calorie food increases cholesterol levels. Patients should engage in physical activity to reduce weight and depression. Patients are administered to take Alendronate, calcitonin and Raloxifene to prevent osteophagitis, thrombosis and pain. (Compston et al., 2013). References Compston, J., Bowring, C., Cooper, A., Cooper, C., Davies, C., Francis, R., ... Selby, P. (2013). Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men in the UK: National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) update 2013.Maturitas,75(4), 392-396. Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F., Murr, A. C. (2014).Nursing care plans: Guidelines for individualizing client care across the life span. FA Davis. Green, C. J. (2015).Maternal newborn nursing care plans. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Nachtigall, M. J., Nazem, T. G., Nachtigall, R. H., Goldstein, S. R. (2013). Osteoporosis risk factors and early life-style modifications to decrease disease burden in women.Clinical obstetrics and gynecology,56(4), 650-653. Ralph, S. S., Taylor, C. M., Taylor, C. M. (2013).Sparks and Taylor's Nursing Diagnosis Pocket Guide. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.